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Disk & File System#

Disk Management Commands#

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# find the file with system type
df -hT

# Disk usage for each directory
du -h -s * | sort -rh

# List Disk
lsblk

# List Partitions
fdisk -l

# Extend a partion
growpart /dev/nvme2n1 1

# mount a disk
mount /dev/nvme2n1p1 /newdir

# unmount
umount /newdir

# resize the file system (if XFS type)
xfs_growfs -d /newdir

# resize the file system (if EXT4 type)
resize2fs /dev/nvme2n1p1

# Get Raid active arrays
cat /proc/mdstat

File Management#

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# Where Executable is located
which

chmod u+x [filename] #Add Execute to User to a file
chmod 330 [filename] #Set Read Write to User & Group

chown

# Number of files in a directory
ls | wc -l

# Create directory with a full path
mkdir -p [path]

# See Current directory
pwd

Install a new drive#

Ref: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InstallingANewHardDrive

Determine Drive Information#

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# List physical drive
lshw -C disk

# List all Drives (physical & virtual (Raid))
lsblk

Partition The Disk#

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# Start parted as follows:
parted /dev/sdb

# Create a new GPT disklabel (aka partition table):
(parted) mklabel gpt

# set the partition size as a percentage of the disk
(parted) mkpart
Partition name?  []? primary
File system type?  [ext2]? ext4
Start? 0%
End? 100%

#  Check that the results are correct:
(parted) print

(parted) quit

Formatting & Create A Mount Point#

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# To format the new partition as ext4 file system (best for use under Ubuntu):
mkfs.ext4 -F /dev/sdb1

# he location from which you will access the drive
sudo mkdir /newstorage

Mount#

manually mount#

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mount /dev/sdb1 /newstorage

Add entry of fstab for Auto Mount on boot#

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echo '/dev/sdb1 /newstorage  ext4 defaults,nofail,discard 0 0' | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

Setup Samba#

Ref: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-set-up-a-samba-share-for-a-small-organization-on-ubuntu-16-04

Install Samba#

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apt install samba

If Samba NetBIOS nmbd is not required, you can stop and disable it with systemctl

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systemctl stop nmbd.service
systemctl disable nmbd.service

To avoid security issues that can arise from running an unconfigured, network-enabled service, let’s stop the Samba server until configuration details

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systemctl stop smbd.service

Sambs Global Options#

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mv /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.orig
/etc/samba/smb.conf
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[global]
        server string = my_super_server
        server role = standalone server
        interfaces = lo eno1 (use: ip link)
        bind interfaces only = yes
        disable netbios = yes
        smb ports = 445
        log file = /var/log/samba/smb.log
        max log size = 10000
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# Verify that smb.conf OK
testparm

Create User#

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mkdir /storage/shared
adduser --home /storage/shared --no-create-home --shell /usr/sbin/nologin smb_user

chown smb_user:smb_user /storage/shared
chmod 2770 /storage/shared

# Add user to Samba
smbpasswd -a smb_user
# Enable the user
smbpasswd -e smb_user

# List users
pdbedit -L -v

Configuring the Samba Shares#

/etc/samba/smb.conf
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...
[share_name]
        path = /storage/shared
        browseable = no
        read only = no
        force create mode = 0660
        force directory mode = 2770
        valid users = smb_user
        force user = smb_user
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# Verify that smb.conf OK
testparm
systemctl start smbd.service

Test with command line#

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apt install smbclient

smbclient //your_samba_hostname_or_server_ip/share_name -U smb_user

Standard Directory#

Location Usage
/bin Essential User Binaries
/etc Configuration Files
/etc/opt Configuration files for add-on packages that are stored in
/home Home Folders
/lib Essential Shared Libraries
/opt Optional Packages
/root Root Home Directory
/sbin System Administration Binaries
/tmp Temporary Files
/usr User Binaries & Read-Only Data
/usr/bin Non-essential command binaries (not needed in single-user mode); for all users.
/usr/lib
/var Variable Data Files
/var/log Log files. Various logs.
/var/tmp Temporary files to be preserved between reboots.
/boot Static Boot Files
/dev Device Files
/mnt Temporary Mount Points
/proc Kernel & Process Files
/lost+found Recovered Files

Reference

Other ref#

AWS: Extend the file system after resizing an Amazon EBS volume

Set Up RAID on Ubuntu